what canvas size to use for digital art photography jobs nyc doe

what canvas size to use for digital art photography jobs nyc doe

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This article covers the best canvas size and resolution for digital art. Choosing the best canvas size and resolution might not be easy when you have a certain project in front of you, and you want to get the best quality out of your art software. A large canvas size, like 3000 x 7000 px with 300 PPI (pixels per inch), will give you good results overall. Let’s explore the topic a bit more!

 - What Canvas Size To Use For Digital Art Photography Jobs Nyc Doe

Canvas size refers to the dimensions of the digital workspace or the digital canvas you have when you start a new drawing in an art software like Procreate, Clip Studio Paint, or Adobe Photoshop.

Canvas Size What Ratio To Use In Digital Art

Resolution refers to the number of pixels per inch (ppi) or dots per inch (dpi) in an image. A high-resolution image will have more pixels or dots per inch and creates a clearer and sharper image. Low-resolution images may appear blurry or pixelated when printed or viewed at a larger size.

When creating digital art, it’s important to consider the final use or output of the artwork and choose a canvas size and resolution that will allow for clear and high-quality printing or display.

The best canvas size for digital art depends on the intended use or output of the artwork. A good starting point is to use 3000 x 7000 px canvas size at 300 PPI resolution for digital art.

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For digital illustrations or graphics that will be used for web or screen display, a canvas size of 72 ppi and a size of 800-1200 pixels is good enough.

For digital art that will be printed, a higher resolution of 300 ppi or more is recommended. The canvas size will depend on the desired final print size, with larger print sizes requiring larger canvas sizes. For example, a digital art print that will be 8″ x 10″ at 300 ppi would need a canvas size of 2400 x 3000 pixels.

It’s important to remember that larger canvas sizes will require more RAM (random access memory) and processing power, so it’s important to consider the capabilities of your computer or device when choosing a canvas size for digital art.

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As a general rule, a higher resolution is better for printing as it allows for more detail and clarity. Higher resolution images create larger file sizes, so take this into account when creating digital art in high resolution.

For printable digital art, a resolution of 300 pixels per inch (PPI) is considered the best resolution to have. This is the standard resolution for high-quality printing and will produce excellent results for most purposes.

For web use, 72 PPI is often used as the standard resolution. This is because, in web use, you don’t need the extra sharpness present in 300 PPI images. 72 PPI images also load faster as the pixel density is lower.

Best Canvas Size For Digital Art

Working higher than 300 PPI resolution rarely brings noticeable differences to the sharpness or quality of the final artwork. 300 – 400 PPI tends to be a good range to work in.

Current art software like Adobe Photoshop and Clip Studio Paint enables you to work on very high pixel sizes (30000 x 30000 px), so you usually don’t have to worry about art software not having enough pixels for you.

Best Canvas Size And Resolution For Digital Art - What Canvas Size To Use For Digital Art Photography Jobs Nyc Doe

It’s important to know that the bigger resolution and canvas size you have, the more RAM (random access memory) is required from your computer. The speed of the RAM does not have as big of an impact as does the amount of RAM you have.

Digital Art Paintings Summer Delights Canvas, Size: 16\\

32-64GB of RAM is enough for creating high-quality and high-resolution digital art. Having more than 64GB of RAM always helps, but most laptops or tablets don’t yet have more than 64GB.

If you use desktop PC, then you can have more than 64GB of RAM, as the only limitations come from the motherboard and CPU you have.

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Put Any Image On Canvas!

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What's A Good Canvas Size For Digital Art? - What Canvas Size To Use For Digital Art Photography Jobs Nyc Doe

Made with ♥ towards digital creativity. Copyright © since 2017 . All Rights Reserved. Trademarks and brands belong to their respective owners. is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. also participates in affiliate programs with Shareasale, CJ, and other sites. is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. Read disclosure.Choosing a canvas size is one of those horrible math-filled topics that are terrifying and mysterious the first time you try and do digital art, or start considering printing your art. It is important to make sure that you do not start with a canvas that is too small because you cannot make it larger later without losing quality. But what is “too small”? How large can you go? This comprehensive guide should help you jump into the confusing world of pixels, printing and canvas size guesstimates. You don’t need to understand it all, but it’s a good idea to understand it a little!

How To Adjust Canvas Size In Procreate For Maximum Layer Flexibility — Catcoq

The desktop versions have unlimited canvas sizes, limited only by your computer memory. The mobile apps have capped sizes, due to the limited memory (RAM) in phones and tablets.

Pixels are the units of the internet. Every image on your screen is made up out of many, many little pixel dots, and this is what you are‘painting’ with.

Every digital image contains a specific number of pixels, and the size of your canvas is literally just picking how many pixels you want to start with. The bigger your image, the more detail you can add, and the larger you can print. However, you don’t actually need a very large canvas size if you just want to share your work online. However, the bigger your image, the more memory it uses and the slower things might get (this is why the mobile apps have capped canvas sizes).

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Print size is an estimate based on your pixel size (the ‘real’ size of the image) and the ‘Pixels/Inch’ measurement (also known as DPI/PPI), which tells the printer how detailed the final image should be. But you don’t need to worry about that unless you are trying to get a really specific printing result.

Do you need to print it? Calculate the largest size and exact aspect ratio that you’ll need and use that so you don’t have to worry going forward.

 - What Canvas Size To Use For Digital Art Photography Jobs Nyc Doe

I’m serious about the aspect ratio, by the way; you can usually fudge the print quality a bit (paintings are blurrier that photos by default so you don’t need to be as picky), but if your actual width:length ratio is wrong? You may have to make some painful cropping decisions as most print places only carry a specific range of paper sizes.

Printing Your Artwork: Image Size And Resolution

Don’t forget to untick‘Preserve Aspect Ratio’ as that will force your width and height to stay the same relative sizes, so you’ll be stuck in an endless update loop.

Does it need to be high quality and detailed? Probably 5000-15, 000. You’ll need to figure this out as you go, but you can resize your canvas as you work, and you may find you don’t like working at large sizes (as it affect tool size and computer speed).

Or is it just a quick sketchy image for the internet or a lowish quality web graphic? Pick a smallish basic size between 1000-4000 pixels and don’t worry about it. You can go even smaller, but usually you don’t need to.

Enlarging The Canvas With Canvas Size

I generally draw web graphics at twice their final size, which gives me some flexibility if I want to crop it or change the aspect ratio and means I don’t have to worry about quality loss for the fine details.

Bigger is always safer, as you can scale down as needed, but you might not like working at large sizes, so it’s a personal decision. I usually work at around 3000-5000 pixels a side, unless I know I will need a larger image for a specific result (e.g. I can make a small poster out of that, but the quality might not be great. On the other hand, I regularly sold A3 posters and even created an A2 poster out of a 3000 pixel image once and they sold just fine!).

 - What Canvas Size To Use For Digital Art Photography Jobs Nyc Doe

If you are uploading your work to an online print on

Hello Everyone. I Was Drawing On Medibang, And Changed Canvas Size. Suddenly, My Lineart Became Glitched, Im Not Sure How To Change This. It Seems Its Broken. Is Their Anyway To Reverse

digital art apps for windows defender app windows 101 juegos

digital art apps for windows defender app windows 101 juegos

Many creative talents choose Apple over Microsoft under the false impression that the drawing apps for Windows aren’t as polished and easy to use. The truth is that Windows isn’t just a rough around the edges workhorse. It offers many drawing, sketching, and design apps for amateurs and professionals alike.

Whether you prefer a drawing tablet or a pen display, Windows comes with a wide range of free and premium programs to choose from. In this article, you’re going to learn about the best drawing apps for Windows.

Best Drawing Apps For Windows - Digital Art Apps For Windows Defender App Windows 101 Juegos

Photoshop is the Jack-of-all-trades in the professional digital art world for a reason. It can handle everything from photo editing to digital painting, drawing, and more. The only downside is the lack of vector editing, but you can use Adobe Illustrator to cover that blind spot.

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Photoshop comes with a library of brushes and pens to get you started on creating any custom digital art you can imagine. You can even expand this library by installing third-party brush packages. There are countless unique brushes to choose from and they range from simple textures to premade objects.

Adobe Illustrator was designed specifically for drawing and it is a standard in the digital art industry. No matter what kind of art you’re drawing and what type of drawing tablet you’re using, Illustrator offers all the tools an artist needs. This app is a complete drawing package that lets you create complex art fit for print.

As mentioned earlier, Photoshop isn’t a vector editor but Illustrator is. Vectors are scalable. This means you can change the size of your shapes whenever you want without losing quality. Vector editing is particularly important if you’re drawing logos and various design elements.

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Krita is a professional drawing app developed by artists for artists. And it’s free! This open-source program can replace most drawing apps because it offers high-end features that we see in premium apps like Photoshop and Illustrator.

There’s a large variety of brushes and pens, you get halftone filters, perspective tools, HDR support, advanced transform tools, and much more. You can even create your own custom brushes. Krita is great for all types of drawings and illustrations, including comics.

Right-click, or use your stylus’ shortcut button, and this selection tool will pop up. You can quickly switch between drawing tools, colors, and other tools as you draw without shifting your attention elsewhere.

What App Could I Use For Drawing On My Mac?

Corel Painter is one of the top drawing apps for professionals and it comes with a steep price tag to prove it. Once your trial expires, you can opt for a one-time purchase for $430 or an annual subscription for $199. However, if you dig deep you can find great offers on Amazon and other stores. Sometimes you might find Corel Painter as part of a $30 humble bundle.

That said, Corel Painter excels at digital painting. Its tools are designed to get rid of the “digital” part as much as possible and make your digital brush strokes look as real as those on the actual canvas. You’ll have control over the brush’s dab effect like nowhere else.

If you’re into digital painting as your main drawing style, you should give Corel Painter a shot despite the scary-looking price tag.

Best Free And Paid Drawing Apps For Windows[2021]

As the name of the app suggests, Sketchbook is the best for sketching your ideas. It’s designed to feel like sketching with a pen and piece of paper, so using a stylus is heavily recommended to get the best experience.

Enable Sketchbook’s full-screen mode to have a large canvas in front of your eyes and nothing else that can distract you. Then draw your designs using the wide range of brushes and tools at your disposal. You can even customize everything you need.

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That said, the best thing about Sketchbook is the Predictive Stroke feature. Sketching is imperfect, but Sketchbook manages to eliminate many imperfections for you by automatically correcting the lines and shapes you draw.

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If you’re looking to create hyper-realistic digital paintings, Rebelle 4 might be exactly what you need. This program mimics the way oil paints and watercolors interact with each other and with the canvas or paper. Choose between hundreds of brushes, types of paper, and canvas to enjoy the way painting feels in the real world without making a mess.

Rebelle 4 is one of the best drawing apps for Windows for artists that want to switch from traditional painting to digital painting.

For comics, character art, and concept art, Clip Studio Paint Pro is hard to beat. It provides the traditional feel of drawing with highly accurate pen pressure detection and all the painting features you need. It is optimized for Wacom drawing tablets, so if you’re using one, you have to try this app. However, other tablets are supported as well.

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There are thousands of customizable brushes available and new drawing materials are being added monthly by the developers to help you create the best art you can. Other users also contribute to the materials library, so there’s no shortage of tools to work with. In essence, Clip Studio Paint Pro is a sort of budget-friendly Corel Painter.

That said, if you’re not a fan of subscriptions, you’ll be happy to learn that you can buy Clip Studio Paint Pro for $49.99. This is a one-time purchase only and later you can upgrade to the Ex version of the software to unlock more exciting features.

 - Digital Art Apps For Windows Defender App Windows 101 Juegos

Windows doesn’t have the best reputation among artists, but there are so many amazing drawing apps that you shouldn’t skip. All the digital painting and drawing apps on our list work great with drawing tablets, touch screens, and even a mouse (not recommended). Give them a try and let us know in the comments below which app is your favorite.

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Did you enjoy this tip? If so, check out our YouTube channel from our sister site Online Tech Tips. We cover Windows, Mac, software and apps, and have a bunch of troubleshooting tips and how-to videos. Click the button below to subscribe!Microsoft Paint is an iconic app. It may feel limiting in more than one way today, but it was the default paint app for most Windows users back in the day. Out of the several free digital painting apps available, we have compiled a list of the 6 best ones for Windows 10.

Microsoft had plans to discontinue the Paint app but decided against it. There was a lot of chatter across the web around it. Either way, Paint continues to live on, but there are better digital painting apps that you can try out for better results.

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Paint.NET is based on the popular .NET framework and hence the name. The UI is dated and will remind you of the original MS Paint app bundled with Windows installation. However, under that are a powerful set of tools that load quickly.

There are a decent number of tools to select from and brushes to paint with. You can add shapes, work with layers, make different adjustments to colors, and add effects that act as filters in modern photo editing apps we have come to love on smartphones. There is support for plugins that may enable additional features like support for more file types.

Best Painting Software For Windows 10 In 2023 - Digital Art Apps For Windows Defender App Windows 101 Juegos

Part of Microsoft’s plan to retire Paint was to replace it with Paint 3D, which comes pre-installed with all versions of Windows. Think of Paint 3D as an older sibling that picked up more skills has more experience and extra tools under the hood.

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As the name suggests, there is a library of 3D images of different objects and shapes that you can add and play around with. It also supports 3D text if you have a message to convey. It’s an updated Paint version with more effects, brushes, tools, and some 3D images to choose from.

GIMP is an open-source GNU image editor touted as a free Adobe Photoshop alternative. There are many tools and options, but the good thing is that one can customize the UI to declutter the interface. Still not the most user-friendly painting app on Windows, but well-supported by devs and has a huge community to help you learn things.

It is a powerful painting app with advanced features like photo retouching, brushes that can be customized, gradients, and even an animation package. Then there are plugins that one can install to enhance utility. GIMP will take some time to get used to and requires patience to learn everything that it has to offer but well worth the time.

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Artweaver has a cool collection of brushes. You can find a brush for calligraphy, crayons, and many others. Similarly, Artweaver has a number of other tools under its arsenal. The UI loads pretty quick but looks dated.

Artweaver is a powerful app that’s

 - Digital Art Apps For Windows Defender App Windows 101 Juegos

digital art center taipei times news now

digital art center taipei times news now

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Projects Architectural Technology Architect Continuing Education Buildings by Type Museums + Art Centers Performing Arts Center Projects At OMA’s Taipei Performing Arts Center, Building as Public Performance Three mute volumes float above the city, promising new possibilities for theater

Taipei Times - Digital Art Center Taipei Times News Now

The architect Kazuo Shinohara once observed that some of the most advanced machines in the world—fighter jets and spacecraft—do not conform to refined modern aesthetics. Their parts appear “clumsily joined together, ” he wrote in a 1981 essay, lacking in “elegance from an architectural standpoint.” But in these machines’ refusal to cover up messiness with a veneer of beauty, Shinohara found the promise of a revelatory architecture: building as ungainly machine.

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The Taipei Performing Arts Center (TPAC) comes as close as any contemporary building to embodying Shinohara’s vision. Designed by an OMA team led by partners Rem Koolhaas and David Gianotten and project director Chiaju Lin, with the Taiwan-based firm KRIS YAO | ARTECH, the center was first proposed in 2008 for a site in the city’s Shilin district and is now complete, after a tortured construction process marked by the general contractor’s bankruptcy. The building takes the form of a 10-story glass cube from which three aluminum-clad volumes—a rectangular prism, a wedge, and a slightly distorted sphere—protrude awkwardly, supported by long columns that touch down on a sweeping plaza below. In order to unlock the near limitless range of possible configurations and uses dreamed of by performers, the architects have pulled three theaters out of the cube—or, rather, crashed them, stage-first, into the cube, enabling the stages and backstage areas to be joined in various ways. Two of the three—a 1, 500-seat proscenium theater with conventional raked seating (the wedge) and an 800-seat flexible “blue box” (the prism)—can become a single, enormous space when partition walls are moved, a feature that proved useful for runway shows during Taipei Fashion Week. The third, an 800-seat “globe” that is naturally housed within the sphere, can expand into a backstage rehearsal room.

The backstage areas of two of the theaters can be joined together to create a single, enormous space when partition walls are removed.

In its ingenious flexibility, TPAC takes its place within a history of OMA’s investigation of the theater—from one of Koolhaas’s first built projects, the Netherlands Dance Theater in the Hague (1987) to the Wyly Theater in Dallas—and that of the firm’s pursuit of architecture that can be transformed by its users. “I find it difficult as an architect to be specific, because each specificity excludes or kills other possibilities, ” says Koolhaas. By enabling the theaters to be combined, “we were able to offer both specificity and an alternative to specificity.”

Building Up To Art Taipei 2022

Beyond the diagram of three floating theaters surrounding a core, another, less obvious one is at work: that of a “public loop” that winds its way from the ground floor to a top-level viewing platform and down again, passing by various front- and back-of-house spaces along the way. Within the loop’s darkened spaces, members of the public gaze through apertures that afford sometimes voyeuristic views of theater in the making. The loop culminates in a curved black room above the globe from which observers can catch a glimpse of rehearsals or performances, and here the building’s second theme emerges: the demystification of theater. This theme is also evident in the building’s unusually welcoming sequence of public spaces, which pulls visitors from the plaza through a three-level lobby that remains open throughout the day, and in theaters that are utilitarian, rendered matter-of-factly in blue, with no trace of pomp or deep-red luxury. Throughout the interiors, the processes of construction and operation are revealed, from the fireproofed steel structure that threads its way around the central cube (enabling the long spans needed within the theaters) to OMA’s familiar unpainted drywall. The loading docks are raised to the second floor, via a concrete ramp, placing oft-hidden logistics on public display. And the cube’s undulating glass facade (see sidebar, below) becomes a distorted lens through which backstage spaces are revealed—and through which outward views of the city become equally theatrical.

“There have been a few moments where we tried to articulate a theory in a building—where we tried to address the issue of the maximum you can achieve” given practical constraints, says Koolhaas, and most remain unbuilt. “This is part of that sequence, with those ambitions, but built.”

Why The Taipei Performing Arts Centre Is Taiwan's Newest Weapon Against China - Digital Art Center Taipei Times News Now

Koolhaas, ever transgressive, initially proposed lifting the three theaters in order to enable the site’s previous occupant, the informal, boisterous stalls of the Shilin Night Market, to continue operating in their shadow. Political concerns nixed this idea—the market was instead moved nearby—but OMA’s concept retained its provocative undermining of hierarchies. As a work of “good sabotage, ” in the words of ARTECH founder Kris Yao, TPAC questions theater’s inflated social status and the luxe architecture that typically supports it.

Kick Off! New Taipei City Museum Of Art Is Open” On 4/15

One way the building inverts hierarchies is in speaking the language of the city. In Taipei, everyday life is made visible through architecture: like a “chaotic Tokyo, ” as Lin describes it, the city is crammed full of signs, lights, and banners that compete happily for attention. Standing tall over a major intersection, an elevated metro station to one side with mountains just beyond, and a set of narrow lanes branching off across the street, TPAC embraces Taipei. Its disjointed forms seem always to be in motion, as if jostling with the dense crowd of buildings. Each of its faces is distinct, but what most visitors will remember is Koolhaas’s looming aluminum globe, a sphere within the urban labyrinth easily visible from afar. Spheres have been a leitmotif for Koolhaas at least since his speculative 1972 project “city of the captive globe.” And in

, his mythic 1978 manifesto, he comments that the appearance of spheres in Western architecture coincides “with revolutionary moments” in history. Taiwan today—a democracy with a potent counterculture that has emerged both in spite of and because of the perpetual threat of a Chinese invasion—seems fittingly revolutionary.

At OMA's Taipei Performing Arts Center, Building As Public Performance - Digital Art Center Taipei Times News Now

But whereas most of Taipei is filled with explicit symbols, this building is signless and mute, a machine whose parts are made visible but refuse to speak. As a result, TPAC has become a subject of widespread interest in a way that now seems rare for architecture. What, the public asks, could these strange forms mean? Some call it

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, or comical, on account of a popular theory that each of its volumes represents a different Taiwanese food often sold in night markets. Others compare it to the popular dish of preserved duck egg with tofu. And TPAC has sought to explain the building by likening it to three-broth hot pot. The battle of culinary metaphors has become a way of collectively making sense of architecture—“a way of digesting it, ” in Koolhaas’s apt phrase—and the building has itself become a kind of public performance; its abstract forms, like the costumed dancers of Oskar Schlemmer’s

At TPAC, then, the show begins long before the theater doors are open. It begins even before trucks arrive at the stagelike loading docks or the public loop fills with visitors. Here, everything, from seeing the city through distorted glass to interpreting the architecture, becomes a matter of performance and observation. Once the elitist box circumscribing the art of theater is torn away, theater is freed to enter into every aspect of life.

AI Tools Raise The Question Of Who The Real Artist Is - Digital Art Center Taipei Times News Now

One might ask whether, in diffusing the idea of theater, the building upstages the very performances it was built to house. But, come evening, as the sun sets and signs light up across Shilin, crowds of eager theatergoers can be seen moving slowly toward TPAC as if pulled in by the sphere’s gravitational force. And as you walk across the plaza—passing teenagers snacking and taking selfies—and as you ride the escalator up to have your ticket checked and then again, up farther, to the doors of the immersive blue theater, and at last settle into your seat, the old excitement of going out for a show returns in full force. Then the lights go down, the curtain rises, and this revolutionary building disappears, as it should.

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A terrace (3) is connected to a seventhfloor restaurant, while a top-floor outdoor viewing platform (4) is part of the public circulation route that winds its way through TPAC.

At the Taipei Performing Arts Center, several familiar elements of past OMA projects make appearances, none more noticeable, perhaps, than the corrugated glass that clads three sides of the central cube, recalling the Casa da Música in Porto (2005) and Qatar National Library. In each, the distorted views and reflections created by the glass become a critical design element—but corrugated glass also brings important practical benefits. Its structural stiffness means that large, thin panels can

Digital Art Center Taipei Reopens With AVAT Collaboration - Digital Art Center Taipei Times News Now

One way the building inverts hierarchies is in speaking the language of the city. In Taipei, everyday life is made visible through architecture: like a “chaotic Tokyo, ” as Lin describes it, the city is crammed full of signs, lights, and banners that compete happily for attention. Standing tall over a major intersection, an elevated metro station to one side with mountains just beyond, and a set of narrow lanes branching off across the street, TPAC embraces Taipei. Its disjointed forms seem always to be in motion, as if jostling with the dense crowd of buildings. Each of its faces is distinct, but what most visitors will remember is Koolhaas’s looming aluminum globe, a sphere within the urban labyrinth easily visible from afar. Spheres have been a leitmotif for Koolhaas at least since his speculative 1972 project “city of the captive globe.” And in

, his mythic 1978 manifesto, he comments that the appearance of spheres in Western architecture coincides “with revolutionary moments” in history. Taiwan today—a democracy with a potent counterculture that has emerged both in spite of and because of the perpetual threat of a Chinese invasion—seems fittingly revolutionary.

At OMA's Taipei Performing Arts Center, Building As Public Performance - Digital Art Center Taipei Times News Now

But whereas most of Taipei is filled with explicit symbols, this building is signless and mute, a machine whose parts are made visible but refuse to speak. As a result, TPAC has become a subject of widespread interest in a way that now seems rare for architecture. What, the public asks, could these strange forms mean? Some call it

Transformed Asian Art Museum Unveils New Pavilion With Teamlab: Continuity

, or comical, on account of a popular theory that each of its volumes represents a different Taiwanese food often sold in night markets. Others compare it to the popular dish of preserved duck egg with tofu. And TPAC has sought to explain the building by likening it to three-broth hot pot. The battle of culinary metaphors has become a way of collectively making sense of architecture—“a way of digesting it, ” in Koolhaas’s apt phrase—and the building has itself become a kind of public performance; its abstract forms, like the costumed dancers of Oskar Schlemmer’s

At TPAC, then, the show begins long before the theater doors are open. It begins even before trucks arrive at the stagelike loading docks or the public loop fills with visitors. Here, everything, from seeing the city through distorted glass to interpreting the architecture, becomes a matter of performance and observation. Once the elitist box circumscribing the art of theater is torn away, theater is freed to enter into every aspect of life.

AI Tools Raise The Question Of Who The Real Artist Is - Digital Art Center Taipei Times News Now

One might ask whether, in diffusing the idea of theater, the building upstages the very performances it was built to house. But, come evening, as the sun sets and signs light up across Shilin, crowds of eager theatergoers can be seen moving slowly toward TPAC as if pulled in by the sphere’s gravitational force. And as you walk across the plaza—passing teenagers snacking and taking selfies—and as you ride the escalator up to have your ticket checked and then again, up farther, to the doors of the immersive blue theater, and at last settle into your seat, the old excitement of going out for a show returns in full force. Then the lights go down, the curtain rises, and this revolutionary building disappears, as it should.

Hong Kong Art Market Hits Pre Pandemic Highs Despite Curbs

A terrace (3) is connected to a seventhfloor restaurant, while a top-floor outdoor viewing platform (4) is part of the public circulation route that winds its way through TPAC.

At the Taipei Performing Arts Center, several familiar elements of past OMA projects make appearances, none more noticeable, perhaps, than the corrugated glass that clads three sides of the central cube, recalling the Casa da Música in Porto (2005) and Qatar National Library. In each, the distorted views and reflections created by the glass become a critical design element—but corrugated glass also brings important practical benefits. Its structural stiffness means that large, thin panels can

Digital Art Center Taipei Reopens With AVAT Collaboration - Digital Art Center Taipei Times News Now

best digital art apps for laptop free download chrome web store

best digital art apps for laptop free download chrome web store

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Krita is an incredibly powerful drawing program and it 39 s yours to download and use completely free image credit artweaver 2 artweaver free best free drawing tool for beginners

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Sketchbook is sketching painting and illustration software for all platforms and devices with professional grade drawing tools in a beautiful interface sketchbook is easy to use for anyone who wants to explore and express their ideas

Guide to free digital art apps canva and picsart are the most versatile digital applications that offer a wide range of free accessible features canva has plenty of templates for posters resumes presentations and even video editing both free and paid features

Best Drawing Apps For Windows 2022

Best free drawing apps for digital artists 1 adobe fresco 2 adobe photoshop 3 artrage 4 colorcinch 5 adobe photoshop sketch 6 gimp 7 pencil sketch 8 penup share your drawings 9 sketchbook 10 pencil photo sketch sketching drawing photo editor 1 adobe fresco adobe fresco is easy to use vector drawing program

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Sketchpad free online drawing application for all ages create digital artwork to share online and export to popular image formats jpeg png svg and pdf sketchpad draw create share

All in all artflow is a light and excellent painting app and you can begin your drawing journey on chromebook with this app pros great painting app for beginners comes with tilt support several brushes and tools cons slightly buggy install artflow free offers in app purchases 9 sketchpad

The Best Drawing Apps And Digital Art Apps For Every Skill Level

Some of the best free drawing apps are sketchbook krita tayasui sketches microsoft paint 3d and autodesk sketchbook adobe s creative cloud subscription comes with a lot of digital art apps at no extra cost if you already use professional drawing apps from the adobe package

The app is available in the lite version as an ios and android mobile app or you download the full featured desktop version for mac or windows bonus app rebelle rebelle from escape motions bills itself as the first painting software with physical color mixing based on traditional pigments

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Inkscape is the best free drawing software for graphic designers created by a team of very talented artists and enthusiasts this free drawing software for windows is loaded with outstanding features and excellent tools making it a powerful alternative to premium tools like adobe illustrator

Best Graphic Design Software For Beginners In 2023

Here is our list of the best chromebook drawing apps autodesk sketchbook infinite painter medibang paint clip studio chrome canvas ibis paint x concepts sumo paint x aggie io boxy svg sketchpad let us now check what makes each of these apps special autodesk sketchbook this is the most popular android drawing app available on the

Sketchpad free online drawing application for all ages create digital artwork to share online and export to popular image formats jpeg png svg and pdf sketchpad draw create share

Artweaver is a powerful app that s easy to use it s good enough to learn digital painting and create good pieces of art there s a free version of the app and you can pay for the plus

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Concepts App • Infinite, Flexible Sketching

Google chrome is a fast easy to use and secure web browser designed for android chrome brings you personalized news articles quick links to your favorite sites downloads and google search and google translate built in download now to enjoy the same chrome web browser experience you love across all your devices

Wacom cintiq combines pen and display for a truly natural creative experience vibrant color hd clarity and ergonomic design together with the super responsive pro pen 2 help take your work to the next level limited time software offer gain up to 6 months complimentary access to clip studio paint ex live dare create

The latest innovation of digital services from bpjs ketenagakerjaan jmo makes it easy for you to meet the needs of bpjamsostek digital services without having to go to the branch office get stuck in traffic heat rain and queues that make you happy comes with various features 1 data update 2 filing tracking jht claims 3

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digital art zürich zoo animals youtube free

digital art zürich zoo animals youtube free

The architecture of zoos has come a long way from its barbaric beginnings. But, says our critic, not even mirrored pods and sci-fi islands can shake the feeling that these are relics from a bygone age

M onkeys swinging through assault courses, tigers prowling along caged walkways in the sky, polar bears taking centre stage in a giant copy of a Yukon harbour as crowds look on from a simulated boat deck – the architecture of zoos seems to have come a long way since the king of England first locked a bunch of lions in the Tower of London and charged the public a few hand-hammered pennies to see them. But has it left the 13th century far enough behind? The Tower of London’s grim menagerie, which entertained paying punters for an astonishing 600 years, came into being after Henry III received three lions as a gift from the Holy Roman Emperor in 1235. They were meant to be a living embodiment of the royal arms of England, and the tower seemed a suitably fortified place to put them. Over the years, the royal collection grew to include elephants, rhinos, hyenas and a polar bear from Norway that was kept on a leash so long that it could catch fish from the Thames. It lasted until the Zoological Society of London was established in 1826, and the animals moved to the slightly more humane surrounds of London zoo in Regent’s Park.

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With the birth of the modern zoo came the dawn of zoo architecture, spawning a peculiar kind of building that had to combine the roles of prison, theatre and museum. Over the years, there have been elaborate Sumatran temples for tigers, aviaries for exotic birds with all-but-invisible nets, and a range of equally eye-catching attempts to break down the barrier between human and animal. It’s a rich, strange history that has gone mostly undocumented – until now.

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“I was amazed by how little literature and discussion there has been, ” says Natascha Meuser, author of a weighty new tome, Zoo Buildings: Construction and Design Manual. Meuser, an architect and professor, aims to redress this balance and provide guidance for future zoos. She began researching the topic a decade ago, when a toy manufacturer asked her to design some typical zoo structures to go with its animal figures, a task less straightforward than she imagined.

“There wasn’t a simple answer, ” she says. “But I became fascinated by how the architecture of zoos reflected man’s changing relationship with animals: going from a sense of exoticism and wonder, to better hygiene and animal welfare, to the idea that the architecture should disappear altogether.”

Her book traces the origins of the zoo, from the villas of Roman senators, whose copious estates featured banqueting pavilions where guests could dine in safety while surrounded by wild beasts, to the bear pits and stag trenches of the middle ages, to the lavish royal menageries of the baroque era. None surpassed Louis XIV’s at Versailles, designed as a radial complex of enclosures with the king’s pavilion at the centre, reflecting his notion of himself as master of the natural world.

Ethical Zurich Zoo Swiss Attractions

The focus shifted from entertainment to scientific study in the 19th century, with the emergence of zoological gardens in Europe. Creatures were housed in exotically styled pavilions, in the manner of a world’s fair, cementing the zoo as part of the colonial project – often complete with indigenous humans transported from their homelands to be displayed alongside the animals.

Berlin took things to a different level: its zoo was transformed into an architectural theme park, with elephants housed in a Hindu temple, antelopes in a Moorish palace and ostriches reached through a momentous Egyptian portal, every detail conceived as part of the total work of art. As Ludwig Heck, the zoo’s pro-Nazi director, put it: “Nothing is so negligible that it can’t be artistically transformed.” This thought extended to the thatched-roof huts of his barbaric human enclosures.

Have Zoos Had Their Day? - Digital Art Zürich Zoo Animals Youtube Free

A backlash against themed pavilions led to a more naturalistic approach, switching the focus from anatomical spectacle to natural behaviour. The wild animal trader and circus impresario Carl Hagenbeck emerges as the godfather of the modern zoo, the first to propose enclosures without bars, realising his “panorama zoo” concept in Stellingen, near Hamburg, in 1907. He conducted tests on exactly how high each predator could jump (by tying a stuffed pigeon to a branch three metres up) and displayed them accordingly.

Uncia Images, Stock Photos & Vectors

His zoo involved supposedly natural landscapes, separated from visitors by sunken trenches, moats and landscaped berms. The viewer assumed the role of Adam in the Garden of Eden, with mouflon and ibexes on artificial mountains, steppe animals on wide open ranges, and big cats in ravines without bars. An enthusiastic Thomas Edison visited in 1911. “The animals are not in a cage, ” wrote the scientist gleefully in the guestbook. “They are on a stage!”

Taking a similar approach, French zoologist Gustave Loisel proposed a plan for a zoo in 1908 in which visitors would be hidden beneath an enormous landscaped hill, with the animals roaming above. People would make their way through a network of tunnels inside his artificial mound, all the way into the most intimate parts of the enclosures, getting an up-close glimpse of the animals – who, in theory, would be unaware of the subterranean voyeurs. “Nothing has really changed in zoo architecture since then, ” says Meuser. “The ultimate goal is still for the people to be invisible and the animals to have a sense of freedom.”

Markus Schietsch Architekten Caps Elephant Sanctuary With Timber Geodesic Roof In Zurich - Digital Art Zürich Zoo Animals Youtube Free

More than a century later, Danish architect Bjarke Ingels recycled Loisel’s proposal, creating a grand plan for a “Zootopia” in Jutland. Unveiled in 2014 with characteristic chutzpah, the proposal was presented as a radical new zoo concept, where the animals would roam free and humans would be swept beneath a landscaped carpet. As the Guardian put it: “Cage-free zoo will put humans in captivity.” Visitors would be able to spy on creatures from hidden dens inside log piles, or trundle around enclosures in mirrored pods.

Zoo Park Drawings

Ingels recently completed a £20m panda enclosure for Copenhagen zoo, based on the cliched form of a yin-yang symbol. Meuser thinks it leaves the pandas too exposed, with little chance of hiding, suggesting that Ingels’ vision of an animal-centric zoo revolution is still a long way off.

Meuser believes the recent emergence of “entertainment architecture” has been damaging, with zoos following attractions such as Disneyland by introducing of themed restaurants and shops to complement every enclosure, placing more emphasis on visitor experience than animal welfare. She quotes veteran US zoo director David Hancocks: “The main difference from a century ago is a new look, which is essentially superficial, and is typically a peculiar distortion of the natural world … a design vernacular best described as Tarzanesque. Modern zoos often resemble a Hollywood version of Africa on a B-movie set.”

Swiss Zoo Has One Too Many Hippos, So Little Farasi May Have To Go - Digital Art Zürich Zoo Animals Youtube Free

Future zoo directors should have no qualms about demolishing these flimsy stage sets. The precious modernist architectural heritage that many zoos boast has proved to be an albatross around their necks. Berthold Lubetkin’s renowned 1934 penguin pool at London zoo has stood empty for 15 years, after the penguins contracted bumblefoot, a bacterial infection caused by walking on the concrete ramps.

Animals In The News

Similarly, the zoo’s brutalist elephant house, designed by Hugh Casson and Neville Conder in 1965 to evoke a herd of elephants gathered around a watering hole, was soon deemed too cramped for the majestic beasts. It’s one of 10 Grade-I and -II listed monuments the zoo is forced to work around, with little scope for adaptation.

Meuser says elephants pose one of the biggest dilemmas for modern zoos. Their immense size, and the fact they thrive in numbers and prefer to gather their own food, make them unhappy captives – yet they remain the biggest crowd-pullers. One baby elephant can double a zoo’s annual visitor numbers. London zoo (except for Whipsnade) San Francisco, Seattle and Chicago zoos, to name just a few, have all recently given up on keeping elephants.

When Zoo Animals Come Into Your Living Room - Digital Art Zürich Zoo Animals Youtube Free

The book’s survey of 50 international zoo buildings built in the last 20 years picks out Norman Foster’s overblown elephant house in Copenhagen as a place “where the animal competes for attention with the building in which it lives”. Meanwhile, Zurich’s great domed elephant enclosure, by Markus Schietsch, is highlighted for its more pachyderm-friendly approach. The creation includes more than 40 “fodder depots” hidden around the 11, 000-sq-metre enclosure to encourage the elephants to forage, along with various pools where the creatures can wallow. There’s even a self-service shower to reduce contact with keepers.

Deadly Virus Kills 3 Asian Elephants In Zurich Zoo

While the book is full of such best-practice models, even the boldest proposals – like the series of islands, each housing creatures from a different continent, surrounded by water and dotted with biospheres imagined for St Petersburg – feel like strange anachronisms, curious relics from a bygone age. As Hancocks has pointed out, zoos’ claims of existing for conservation and education are questionable: the main priority is still the display of charismatic “megafauna” for visitors to gawp at. A growing awareness of captivity-related problems

digital art investment banking questions pdf notes

digital art investment banking questions pdf notes

Download Banking and Insurance Notes, PDF, Books, Syllabus for MBA, BBA, B COM 2023. We provide complete banking and insurance notes. Banking and Insurance study material includes banking and insurance notes, banking and insurance book, courses, case study, syllabus, question paper, MCQ, questions and answers and available in banking and insurance pdf form.

Banking and Insurance subject is included in B COM and BBA, so students can able to download banking and insurance notes for b.com 1st year and banking and insurance notes for BBA 1st year.

Investment Banking And Financial Services Notes PDF Download - Digital Art Investment Banking Questions Pdf Notes

A detailed banking and insurance syllabus as prescribed by various Universities and colleges in India are as under. You can download the syllabus in banking and insurance pdf form.

Financial Accounting Pdf Notes, Syllabus 2023] Bba, Bcom

Business interruption insurance (also known as business income insurance) is a type of insurance that covers the loss of income that a business suffers after a disaster. The income loss covered may be due to disaster-related closing of the business facility or due to the rebuilding process after a disaster.

It differs from property insurance in that a property insurance policy only covers the physical damage to the business, while the additional coverage allotted by the business interruption policy covers the profits that would have been earned. (Wikipedia)

Some of the banking and insurance questions and answers are mentioned below. You can download the QnA in banking and insurance pdf form.

Why Investment Banking? How To ACE This Interview Question - Digital Art Investment Banking Questions Pdf Notes

Upsc Prelims 2020 Answer Key & Analysis

If you have already studied the banking and insurance notes, then it’s time to move ahead and go through previous year banking and insurance question paper.

It will help you to understand question paper pattern and type of banking and insurance question and answer asked in B COM, BBA, MBA banking and insurance exam. You can download the syllabus in banking and insurance pdf form.

Notes Investment Banking - Digital Art Investment Banking Questions Pdf Notes

In the above article, a student can download banking and insurance notes for b.com 1st year and banking and insurance notes for BBA 1st year. Banking and Insurance study material includes banking and insurance notes, banking and insurance books, banking and insurance syllabus, banking and insurance question paper, banking and insurance case study, banking and insurance questions and answers, banking and insurance courses in banking and insurance pdf form.

Technical Ib Interview Questions (valuation, Accounting, Etc.)

Did we miss something in BCOM/BBA Study Material or You want something More? Come on! Tell us what you think about our post on Banking and Insurance Notes | PDF, Syllabus, Books | B COM 2023 in the comments section and Share this post with your friends.

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Tags: B COM, B COM Banking and Insurance, Banking and Insurance, Banking and Insurance Books, Banking and Insurance Course, Banking and Insurance Lecture Notes, Banking and Insurance Notes, Banking and Insurance PDF, Banking and Insurance PPT, Banking and Insurance Question and Answers, Banking and Insurance Question Paper, Banking and Insurance Study Material, Banking and Insurance Syllabus, BBA, BBA Banking and Insurance, M COM, M COM Banking and Insurance, MBA, MBA Banking and Insurance

Did we miss something in BCOM/BBA Study Material or You want something More? Come on! Tell us what you think about our post on Banking and Insurance Notes | PDF, Syllabus, Books | B COM 2023 in the comments section and Share this post with your friends.

 - Digital Art Investment Banking Questions Pdf Notes

Tags: B COM, B COM Banking and Insurance, Banking and Insurance, Banking and Insurance Books, Banking and Insurance Course, Banking and Insurance Lecture Notes, Banking and Insurance Notes, Banking and Insurance PDF, Banking and Insurance PPT, Banking and Insurance Question and Answers, Banking and Insurance Question Paper, Banking and Insurance Study Material, Banking and Insurance Syllabus, BBA, BBA Banking and Insurance, M COM, M COM Banking and Insurance, MBA, MBA Banking and Insurance

underwater digital artemisinin supplemental security

underwater digital artemisinin supplemental security

Effective surveillance of coastal border areas requires the use of very sensitive and advanced radar systems and processing software. SIGNALIS and ATLAS ELEKTRONIK have jointly developed an interface for Cerberus Mod 2 Diver Detection Sonar (DDS), providing a fully integrated underwater surveillance and security system.

, the SIGNALIS Integrated Maritime Surveillance and Security software technology, collects, processes, fuses, and displays data from a wide range of external sensors, such as radars, AIS, RDF, cameras, weather stations, and now the Cerberus Mod 2 DDS. In this particular application, STYRIS provides protection and situational awareness in the underwater domain. Using unique software algorithms, the system detects, tracks, and correlates vessels and small above and underwater targets in the maritime environment. Multiple sensors can be integrated to present what is known as a Recognized Maritime Picture. The STYRIS technology processes and displays data from multiple radar systems, using the advanced processing algorithms to track data, analyze target patterns, and identify suspicious behavior.

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Cerberus Mod 2, the latest offering of ATLAS ELEKTRONIK UK diver detection sonar, detects and classifies open and closed circuit divers, swimmers, swimmer delivery vehicles (SDVs), and underwater vehicles. The lightweight technology, qualified for military use, can be configured for various environments and applications, such as permanent seabed installation for 24/7 port and harbor security and surveillance. The Cerberus Mod 2 DDS also allows operators to detect, track, and classify potential underwater intruders in busy harbors and ports. Cerberus uses advanced sonar processing algorithms to spot underwater targets at ranges of over 900 m in favorable sonar conditions.

Superyacht Underwater Security. Diver Detection And Deterrent System

The integration of the Cerberus Portable Diver Detection Sonar into the STYRIS product provides a DDS underwater picture with above-water sensors. The combination of technologies enables surveillance and tracking of surface and subsurface targets, sensor integration, and a broader overall security system.

Aerospace Computer software and hardware Data Acquisition Data acquisition and handling Defense Detectors Displays Electronic equipment Electronics & Computers Lightweighting Marine vehicles and equipment Mathematical models Radar Sensors Sensors and actuators Simulation and modeling Surveillance Surveillance and Security Vehicles Weather and climateAll articles published by are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by , including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https:///openaccess.

Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications.

Superyacht Underwater Security. Diver Detection And Deterrent System - Underwater Digital Artemisinin Supplemental Security

Engineered Living Materials For Sustainability

Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal.

Drones have the potential to revolutionize malaria vector control initiatives through rapid and accurate mapping of potential malarial mosquito larval habitats to help direct field Larval Source Management (LSM) efforts. However, there are no clear recommendations on how these habitats can be extracted from drone imagery in an operational context. This paper compares the results of two mapping approaches: supervised image classification using machine learning and Technology-Assisted Digitising (TAD) mapping that employs a new region growing tool suitable for non-experts. These approaches were applied concurrently to drone imagery acquired at seven sites in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania. Whilst the two approaches were similar in processing time, the TAD approach significantly outperformed the supervised classification approach at all sites (t = 5.1, p < 0.01). Overall accuracy scores (mean overall accuracy 62%) suggest that a supervised classification approach is unsuitable for mapping potential malarial mosquito larval habitats in Zanzibar, whereas the TAD approach offers a simple and accurate (mean overall accuracy 96%) means of mapping these complex features. We recommend that this approach be used alongside targeted ground-based surveying (i.e., in areas inappropriate for drone surveying) for generating precise and accurate spatial intelligence to support operational LSM programmes.

 - Underwater Digital Artemisinin Supplemental Security

The availability of suitable aquatic habitats is a crucial part of the life cycle of a malarial mosquito [1]. Indeed, an established strategy for controlling malaria vector mosquito populations is Larval Source Management (LSM) which involves the systematic treatment or management of an aquatic mosquito breeding site: pools of water that are suitable for mosquito oviposition and larval development through to emergence as an adult mosquito. For diseases such as malaria, there is a long history of the successful use of LSM for controlling or even eliminating the disease [2, 3, 4, 5]. Yet, this intervention remains relatively underused, compared to indoor interventions such as Long-Lasting Insecticidal bed Nets (LLINs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) of insecticide, due, in part, to the effort needed to develop and maintain reliable maps of potential larval habitats. For cost-effective deployment of LSM we need reliable and efficient ways of providing baseline maps of potential mosquito larval habitats to treatment teams [6].

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Drones technology has the potential to transform the way that modern LSM is delivered. This, in large part, is due to their ability to capture high precision (<10 cm resolution) images of the ground below in a timely and economical manner. In the case of malaria, important mosquito breeding sites can often be smaller than 1 m and therefore generating maps with high precision is crucial, this representing a significant drawback of most satellite Earth Observation based solutions [7]. Perhaps more significantly, drones can be flown under the clouds, overcoming a major limitation of optical satellite imaging solutions, especially in tropical and temperate locations where cloud cover is persistent [7, 8, 9, 10]. Additionally, due to the relatively low-cost and ease-of-use of many drone systems, there is greater potential for them to be owned and operated by disease control managers (e.g., National Malaria Control programs) rather than relying on external organizations, often from the Global North. In this sense, there is a potential for drones to help in the transition towards the democratization of key technologies.

Components Of Underwater Protection System For A Harbor Area. - Underwater Digital Artemisinin Supplemental Security

) in a single day (although this figure varies considerably according to flying height, camera type, drone-use restrictions, drone type). This imagery can be used to generate maps of potential mosquito habitats [7, 8, 9, 11, 12], that can subsequently be used by ground-based teams to direct their LSM programme. This approach can revolutionize a key component of LSM where maps are produced conventionally through ground-based efforts that require a large number of fieldworkers, with coverage often being limited by accessibility issues due to private land/property or challenging terrain (e.g., dense thicket or forest, extensive swamp or flooded areas such as rice paddies). In this respect, the use of drones could provide a step-change in the way LSM is delivered.

Specifically, in terms of mapping potential malarial mosquito larval habitats, previous studies have focussed on the use of supervised image classification approaches [9, 11], which offers a number of benefits. Following the manual delineation of training data, a trained classifier can be used to rapidly identify features over the entire image, representing efficiency gains over a manual digitizing approach where a human operator is expected to manually delineate every feature of interest (i.e., a potential breeding site) in the image. Sophisticated machine learning methods are able to exploit complex relationships between the dependent variable (i.e., surface water bodies that are considered to be potential or actual larval habitats) and the independent variables–typically, independent variables are the spectral bands that the drone-mounted sensor has, or some combination of these bands in the form of ratios or normalized difference ratios.

World Has Lost 14% Of Its Coral Reefs To Bleaching From Global Warming - Underwater Digital Artemisinin Supplemental Security

Daily News 2022 05 27 (digital)

Furthermore, once a classifier is trained, it can be transferred and applied to a new image, negating the need to carry out the time-consuming task of manually delineating training data, therefore representing an automated, scalable solution for mapping potential larval habitats. For this to work reliably, the originally trained classifier must be representative of any new site: for tropical landscapes this is a challenge as they are often heterogenous in nature with dynamic hydrological conditions, i.e., the same site will have very different land cover characteristics between the wet and dry seasons. In Malawi, Stanton et al. (2021) assessed the quality of a Random Forest supervised classification to create maps of potential malarial mosquito larval habitats. Although the overall results demonstrated good agreement with test samples (mean overall accuracy 91%), when the trained classifier was applied outside the initial calibration area, the accuracy noticeably reduced (mean overall accuracy 76%). As such, the supervised classification approach may not necessarily represent the best mapping approach to adopt for operational mapping of potential malarial mosquito larval habitats. Specifically, the implication of mapping errors needs to be carefully considered. For instance, an accuracy score of ~90% may be considered successful in many

Drones technology has the potential to transform the way that modern LSM is delivered. This, in large part, is due to their ability to capture high precision (<10 cm resolution) images of the ground below in a timely and economical manner. In the case of malaria, important mosquito breeding sites can often be smaller than 1 m and therefore generating maps with high precision is crucial, this representing a significant drawback of most satellite Earth Observation based solutions [7]. Perhaps more significantly, drones can be flown under the clouds, overcoming a major limitation of optical satellite imaging solutions, especially in tropical and temperate locations where cloud cover is persistent [7, 8, 9, 10]. Additionally, due to the relatively low-cost and ease-of-use of many drone systems, there is greater potential for them to be owned and operated by disease control managers (e.g., National Malaria Control programs) rather than relying on external organizations, often from the Global North. In this sense, there is a potential for drones to help in the transition towards the democratization of key technologies.

Components Of Underwater Protection System For A Harbor Area. - Underwater Digital Artemisinin Supplemental Security

) in a single day (although this figure varies considerably according to flying height, camera type, drone-use restrictions, drone type). This imagery can be used to generate maps of potential mosquito habitats [7, 8, 9, 11, 12], that can subsequently be used by ground-based teams to direct their LSM programme. This approach can revolutionize a key component of LSM where maps are produced conventionally through ground-based efforts that require a large number of fieldworkers, with coverage often being limited by accessibility issues due to private land/property or challenging terrain (e.g., dense thicket or forest, extensive swamp or flooded areas such as rice paddies). In this respect, the use of drones could provide a step-change in the way LSM is delivered.

Specifically, in terms of mapping potential malarial mosquito larval habitats, previous studies have focussed on the use of supervised image classification approaches [9, 11], which offers a number of benefits. Following the manual delineation of training data, a trained classifier can be used to rapidly identify features over the entire image, representing efficiency gains over a manual digitizing approach where a human operator is expected to manually delineate every feature of interest (i.e., a potential breeding site) in the image. Sophisticated machine learning methods are able to exploit complex relationships between the dependent variable (i.e., surface water bodies that are considered to be potential or actual larval habitats) and the independent variables–typically, independent variables are the spectral bands that the drone-mounted sensor has, or some combination of these bands in the form of ratios or normalized difference ratios.

World Has Lost 14% Of Its Coral Reefs To Bleaching From Global Warming - Underwater Digital Artemisinin Supplemental Security

Daily News 2022 05 27 (digital)

Furthermore, once a classifier is trained, it can be transferred and applied to a new image, negating the need to carry out the time-consuming task of manually delineating training data, therefore representing an automated, scalable solution for mapping potential larval habitats. For this to work reliably, the originally trained classifier must be representative of any new site: for tropical landscapes this is a challenge as they are often heterogenous in nature with dynamic hydrological conditions, i.e., the same site will have very different land cover characteristics between the wet and dry seasons. In Malawi, Stanton et al. (2021) assessed the quality of a Random Forest supervised classification to create maps of potential malarial mosquito larval habitats. Although the overall results demonstrated good agreement with test samples (mean overall accuracy 91%), when the trained classifier was applied outside the initial calibration area, the accuracy noticeably reduced (mean overall accuracy 76%). As such, the supervised classification approach may not necessarily represent the best mapping approach to adopt for operational mapping of potential malarial mosquito larval habitats. Specifically, the implication of mapping errors needs to be carefully considered. For instance, an accuracy score of ~90% may be considered successful in many